telegraph History:-
Initially in China, people used to use smoke signals and in some wake up drums to warn people away from enemy attacks or any danger. Human messengers were used in ancient Greek.
They used to run and deliver the message. After this, a courier service named Cursus publicus was used in the Roman Empire. For which horses were used.
Similarly, during the war, small messages were sent using pigeon to convey the important thing. Bottle messages were used in the 16th century. In which in the 19th century, by writing the message and throwing it into the sea, the messages were delivered using semaphore method.
Samuel Morse:
In all these methods, it would take a lot of time to deliver the messages. An American painter named Samuel Morse had received late news of his wife's death.
Due to which, till his arrival, his wife was buried. From this bath, Morse was very sorry and decided that a system should be created so that the messages could be sent to the distant wake in a few minutes.
Chemical telegraph:
For the first time in the beginning, electricity was created by chemical reaction, and some scientists wanted to use this electricity for communication. At that time, the first Chemical Telegraph was created by Francisco Salva in 1804 and Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring in 1809.
In this invention 35 wires were used for the telegraph. Different strings were used for each letter and number. The wire on the transmitting side was connected to the battery.
After this, the first working telegraph was created by Francis Ronalds using static electricity. The clockwork mechanism was used in this device.
But the Government of England rejected him and preferred Semaphore Mechanism to him. Francis Ronalds is also considered as the Father of Telegraph.
Electric telegraph:
The first electrical telegraph was designed by Pavel Schilling. Which was made with 8 wires. These buttons are connected with the needles. After pressing the button, the movement of the needle points to the letter. After this single single needle telegraph was created. It was sold to Russia, but due to the death of Schilling in 1837, this project was halted.
The commercial electrical telegraph, along with Schilling's approach, was created by Sir William Fothergill Cooke and Charles Wheatstone of England in 1837. It was built by basing five needle systems.
After pressing the button of the needles letter, they point towards that letter. He named this device ¨ Cooke and Wheatstone Systems and also got a patent. Which was used a lot on the railways of England.
Samuel Morse and Morse code:
Now on the other hand, Samuel Morse of America and his assistant Alfred Vail had made a separate electrical telegraph, this telegraph used a mechanical clockwork which was connected to a paper. When electricity passes, some paper comes in contact with stylus. The contact breaks when there is no electricity.
Morse code was also developed with regard to this concept. Morse code consists of dots and saras. Each letter has a different pattern. Long press dash is created and short press dot is created. Morse and Alfred Vail read a news paper and gave short codes to the most repetitive letters in the English language and long codes to less frequent letters.
Repeater:
First connection:
In 1866, using this telegraph in the sea, Europe and America were added for the first time. Earlier, communication was done only through ships. Gradually the Morse code became popular and was also used in the radio communication system.
There was no voice communication in radio at that time, some people used to learn Morse code language and used to translate it by listening to its tone.
The new Morse code was created by modifying the original Morse code. Which is called ITU ie International Telecommunication Union standard. Even today Morse code is used in Aviation, Amateur radio. People who have disabilities can also use Morse code using their eyelashes.
If someone gets in trouble somewhere, using the Morse code, 3 dots should send a signal of 3 dashes and 3 dots which is called SOS i.e. save our souls.
